- 1 January Haiti gains independence from France (National Day), making it the only state ever founded by former slaves and without slavery - October 8 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines holds his coronation as Jean-Jacques I, Emperor of Haiti. - May 18 Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed Emperor of France by the French Senate - Dec 2 Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of France in Paris - Aug 11 Francis II assumes the title of first Emperor of Austria - June 21 – Smithson Tennant announces the discovery of the elements iridium and osmium; three days later, William Hyde Wollaston reveals to the Royal Society that he is the formerly anonymous discoverer of palladium. - World population reaches 1 billion people.
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1813